秦巴山区中华蜜蜂种群微卫星DNA遗传分析

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2016.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】中华蜜蜂 Apis cerana cerana 是一种兼有生态价值和经济价值的授粉昆虫。本研究拟揭示秦巴山区中华蜜蜂种群遗传多态性现状，探讨中华蜜蜂的种群分化机制及其影响因素。【方法】使用8个微卫星DNA标记评估秦巴山区17个样点共979个蜂群的中华蜜蜂遗传多态性，以长白山中华蜜蜂和阿坝中华蜜蜂作为外群进行种群遗传分化分析。【结果】秦巴山区中华蜜蜂95%的差异来源于样点内，样点间遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.002～0.037，基因流参数Nm为6.51～124.75，与外群的遗传分化分析中均显示秦巴山区中华蜜蜂不存在遗传分化。平均期望杂合度（He）为0.6877±0.1098，平均观察杂合度（Ho）为0.6364±0.1367，平均有效等位基因数（Ne）为3.7488±1.6201个，平均等位基因数（Na）为7.71±2.52个，多态信息含量（PIC）为0.6418±0.1152，香农指数（I）为1.5026±0.3754，这些参数均表明微卫星遗传多态性丰富。中蜂囊状幼虫病流行过的地区，其杂合度、多态信息含量以及等位基因数均显著低于未发病地区。【结论】秦巴山区中华蜜蜂种群数量大，分布均匀，基因流水平高，在650 km距离范围内没有发生种群分化；秦巴山区中华蜜蜂微卫星遗传多态性丰富，仅部分地区中华蜜蜂遗传多态性受中蜂囊状幼虫病的选择压而降低。

关键词: 中华蜜蜂, 遗传分化, 遗传多态性, 种群, 微卫星标记

Abstract: 【Aim】 The Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana) plays vital roles in pollination for agro-ecosystem and honey bee products. This study aims to investigate the population differentiation and genetic polymorphism among Apis cerana cerana populations across the Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas, and to explore possible factors contributing to genetic differentiation and difference of genetic polymorphism. 【Methods】 The genetic relationship was studied, and polymorphism was estimated among 979 colonies of A. c. cerana from 17 localities combined with two outgroups, A. c. cerana colonies from Changbai Mountain and Aba, based on eight microsatellite loci. 【Results】 The results showed that up to 95% of the variation was observed within sampling localities while less variation between localities. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) among 17 localities ranged from 0.002 to 0.037, and the gene flow (Nm) was from 6.51 to 124.75, indicating that no population differentiation was detected. The mean expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity(Ho), number of alleles (Na), number of effective alleles (Ne), polymorphism information content (PIC) and Shannon’s information index (I )were 0.6877±0.1098, 0.6364±0.1367, 7.71±2.52, 3.7488±1.6201, 0.6418±0.1152 and 1.5026±0.3754, respectively, suggesting the abundant genetic polymorphism. The values of the genetic polymorphism indices including the expected heterozygosity, number of alleles, number of effective alleles and polymorphism information content were significantly lower in localities which underwent Chinese sacbrood virus pandemic recently than those in the virus uninfected areas. 【Conclusion】 In the context of the large population size and continuous distribution in Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas, there is no genetic differentiation among A. c. cerana populations across a distance of 650 km owing to a high level of gene flow. And the results also imply that the honeybee in Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas has rich genetic polymorphism. Significantly decreased polymorphism occurs in some localities that have undergone selective pressure from Chinese sacbrood virus prevalence.

Key words: Apis cerana cerana, genetic differentiation, genetic polymorphism, population, microsatellite markers

郭慧萍, 周姝婧, 朱翔杰, 徐新建, 于瀛龙, 杨凯杰, 陈道印, 周冰峰. 秦巴山区中华蜜蜂种群微卫星DNA遗传分析[J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59(3): 337-345.

GUO Hui-Ping, ZHOU Shu-Jing, ZHU Xiang-Jie, XU Xin-Jian, YU Ying-Long, YANG Kai-Jie, CHEN Dao-Yin, ZHOU Bing-Feng. Population genetic analysis of Apis cerana cerana from the Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas based on microsatellite DNA[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2016, 59(3): 337-345.

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链接本文: http://www.insect.org.cn/CN/10.16380/j.kcxb.2016.03.011

http://www.insect.org.cn/CN/Y2016/V59/I3/337

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秦巴山区中华蜜蜂种群微卫星DNA遗传分析

Population genetic analysis of Apis cerana cerana from the Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas based on microsatellite DNA

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